Table of Contents
Mastering German Concessive Clauses
Concessive clauses let you present contrast or contradiction in German. Key terms include obwohl, trotz, and trotzdem. By learning to use them naturally, you will improve both spoken and written German.
What Are Concessive Clauses in German Grammar?
Concessive clauses add contrasting information and often rely on words such as obwohl or trotzdem. You will encounter them in everyday conversation and formal writing.
The Role of Obwohl
Obwohl is a subordinating conjunction that introduces a clause showing opposition to the main idea.
- obgleich and obschon are formal alternatives to obwohl.
- The verb in an obwohl clause goes to the end of that clause.
Examples
- Obwohl es regnet, geht der Junge in den Park.
- Tom bleibt zu Hause, obwohl die Sonne scheint.
Concessive Clauses with Trotzdem
Trotzdem functions as an adverb in the main clause, showing contrast to the previous statement. The similar word dennoch is less common in everyday speech.
Examples
- Tina würde gerne einen anderen Kurs besuchen, trotzdem macht sie es nicht.
- Der Schüler bekommt eine gute Note; dennoch freut er sich nicht.
Trotz Sentences
Trotz is followed by the genitive case and appears in a single main clause.
Trotz des schlechten Wetters geht der Junge in den Park.
Comparison of Obwohl and Trotzdem
Trotzdem stays in the second main clause, while obwohl introduces a subordinate clause that can stand before or after the main clause.
Examples
- Obwohl Peter morgen eine Klausur hat, lernt er nicht.
- Peter hat morgen eine Klausur; trotzdem lernt er nicht.
Concessive Clauses in German – Free Quiz
Check your understanding with our concessive clause quiz.
Synonyms and Alternatives
- obgleich and obschon replace obwohl in formal writing.
- dennoch can replace trotzdem.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Placing the verb too early in an obwohl clause.
- Confusing obwohl (subordinate clause) with trotzdem (main clause adverb).
Conclusion – Key Takeaways
- Concessive clauses add essential contrast in German communication.
- Obwohl introduces a dependent clause; the verb goes to the end.
- Trotzdem appears in the second main clause or sentence position.
- Study synonyms to broaden your expressive range.
Continue Learning German
FAQ – Concessive Clauses
What is the sentence structure with obwohl and trotzdem?
Obwohl triggers a subordinate clause, pushing the conjugated verb to the end. Trotzdem is an adverb in the main clause and counts as the first, third, or fourth position.
Where can I practice concessive clauses?
Try the obwohl vs. trotzdem quiz for targeted practice.
Is there any difference between dennoch and trotzdem?
The two adverbs are interchangeable, though dennoch is slightly more formal.
Do German cases influence concessive clauses?
Cases generally do not affect concessive clauses, except for trotz, which takes the genitive.
Are other concessive prepositions used besides trotz?
Yes, alternatives like ungeachtet exist but are less frequent. See the concessive prepositions guide for details.
