Cases in German: Learn with Charts, Examples, and Quizzes

Introduction of German Cases

German has four main cases: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, and Accusative. These cases show the relationship between nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and other words in a sentence. Mastering them makes communication more accurate and natural. This article explains each case, shares examples, and offers tips for learning.

German Cases Chart

The chart above provides a quick view of the four German cases. In the sections below, you will find more details, examples, and practice resources.

Nominative Case

The nominative case marks the subject of a sentence—the person or thing performing the action. You can ask “Who?” or “What?” to find the nominative. A deeper look is available here: Nominative in German.

Examples:

Nominativ	Beispielsatz
Der Mann	Der Mann geht spazieren.
Die Frau	Die Frau lächelt.
Das Kind	Das Kind spielt.
Die Katze	Die Katze schläft.
Der Hund	Der Hund bellt.
Der Lehrer	Der Lehrer unterrichtet.
Die Schülerin	Die Schülerin lernt.
Das Auto	Das Auto fährt.
Die Blume	Die Blume blüht.
Der Vogel	Der Vogel singt.

German Nominative Quiz

Test your knowledge with a free nominative Quiz.

Genitive Case

The genitive case shows possession or relationships between nouns. More details: German genitive.

Examples:

Genitiv	Beispielsatz
des Mannes	Das Auto des Mannes ist blau.
der Frau	Die Tasche der Frau ist rot.
des Kindes	Das Spielzeug des Kindes liegt auf dem Boden.
der Katze	Die Schüssel der Katze ist leer.
des Hundes	Die Leine des Hundes ist lang.
des Lehrers	Das Buch des Lehrers ist interessant.
der Schülerin	Die Hausaufgaben der Schülerin sind fertig.
des Autos	Die Farbe des Autos ist grün.
der Blume	Der Duft der Blume ist betörend.
des Vogels	Das Lied des Vogels ist wunderschön.

Learn More About the Genitive Case: Quiz, Verbs, and Prepositions

Practice your skills with this genitive quiz. You can also discover genitive verbs and genitive prepositions if you want to go deeper.

Dative Case

The dative case represents an indirect object. You can ask “to whom?” or “for whom?” to identify it. Read more: dative in German. Some specific dative verbs always require the dative. And dative prepositions also force nouns or pronouns into the dative.

Examples:

Dativ	Beispielsatz
dem Mann	Ich gebe dem Mann ein Geschenk.
der Frau	Sie hilft der Frau beim Einkaufen.
dem Kind	Er liest dem Kind eine Geschichte vor.
dir	Ich antworte dir.
der Mutter	Der Junge glaubt der Mutter.
dem Lehrer	Die Schülerin gibt dem Lehrer das Heft.
der Schülerin	Der Lehrer erklärt der Schülerin die Aufgabe.
dem Auto	Er stellt sein Fahrrad neben dem Auto ab.
der Blume	Sie gießt Wasser neben der Blume.
ihr	Du stimmst ihr zu.

Dative Quiz

Check your understanding with this free quiz.

Accusative Case

The accusative case often identifies the direct object. You can ask “whom?” or “what?” to recognize it. For more details: accusative in German.

Dative vs Accusative

If you find it tricky to decide between accusative or dative, you can read: dative vs. accusative or test yourself with the dative vs. accusative quiz.

Akkusativ	Beispielsatz
den Ball	Ich werfe den Ball.
die Blume	Er pflückt die Blume.
das Buch	Sie liest das Buch.
die Katze	Wir streicheln die Katze.
den Hund	Sie füttert den Hund.
den Kuchen	Er isst den Kuchen.
das Auto	Ich wasche das Auto.
die Jacke	Du trägst die Jacke.
den Stuhl	Sie stellt den Stuhl um.
die Flasche	Er öffnet die Flasche.

German Accusative Quiz

Did you understand the accusative in German? That is great! If you are not sure, you can find the latest German accusative quiz: here.

German Articles in Different Cases

German articles reflect the case, number, and gender of the noun they introduce. Definite articles (der, die, das) and indefinite articles (ein, eine) will change form depending on whether the noun is in the nominative, genitive, dative, or accusative case. For example, the masculine nominative article der becomes den in the accusative and dem in the dative. Likewise, the masculine indefinite article ein changes to einen in the accusative and einem in the dative. Learning these variations helps you speak and write more precisely. Here is a brief overview:

Definite Articles Chart

The image above shows how definite articles (der, die, das) change for each case. Below is another image for indefinite articles:

Indefinite Articles Chart

As you see, ein (masculine nominative) becomes einen in the accusative. This shift helps indicate the role the noun plays in the sentence. Mastering these article forms is a vital step in understanding and using German grammar correctly. You can learn more about German indefinite articles here.

Using Cases with German Prepositions

Some prepositions always take dative or accusative. Others (two-way prepositions) can be used with either case, depending on whether the meaning indicates location or motion.

Dative Prepositions

Dative prepositions include “mit,” “bei,” “zu,” “von,” and others. For example: “Ich gehe mit dem Hund spazieren.”

Accusative Prepositions

Accusative prepositions include “für,” “bis,” “ohne,” “durch,” and others. For example: “Das Geschenk ist für die Frau.”

Two-Way Prepositions

Two-way prepositions can take either dative or accusative. For example: “Das Buch liegt in der Tasche” (dative: location) vs. “Ich lege das Buch in die Tasche” (accusative: locomotion). Practice with the free German Two-Way Prepositions Quiz.

Genitive Prepositions

These genitive prepositions are the most common ones. They are normally used with a genitive, but in the spoken language people tend to use a dative for some of these prepositions instead. You can read more in detail about all 59 genitive prepositions: here.

Cases and German Pronouns

German personal pronouns change form depending on the case. For instance, “ich” becomes “mich” in the accusative and “mir” in the dative.

	Nominative	Dative	Accusative
1st Person (I)	ich	mir	mich
2nd Person (you)	du	dir	dich
3rd Person (he)	er	ihm	ihn
3rd Person (she)	sie	ihr	sie
3rd Person (it)	es	ihm	es
1st Person Plural (we)	wir	uns	uns
2nd Person Plural (you all)	ihr	euch	euch
3rd Person Plural (they)	sie	ihnen	sie
Formal (Sie)	Sie	Ihnen	Sie

Reviewing these forms helps avoid confusion and keeps your sentences clear.

Tips for Mastering German Cases

• Focus on each case’s function (subject, object, possession).
• Learn how articles and pronouns change in each case.
• Study which verbs and prepositions require specific cases.
• Write and speak in German, checking your case usage carefully.
• Use German grammar quizzes to practice regularly.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Mixing dative and accusative objects.
• Forgetting to decline articles and pronouns correctly.
• Applying the wrong case after a preposition.
• Using two-way prepositions incorrectly (location vs. motion).

Conclusion

German cases are key to clear communication. By learning how the nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative work, you can build sentences that reflect correct relationships among subjects, objects, and possessions. Regular practice with articles, pronouns, and prepositions will help you gain confidence in using German cases.

German Cases: Frequently Asked Questions

What are the Four German Cases?

They are nominative (subject), genitive (possession), dative (indirect object), and accusative (direct object).

Why are Cases so Important?

Cases show how words relate to each other in a sentence. Using the right case ensures clarity and accuracy.

How can I Practice German Cases Effectively?

Do writing exercises, speak with native speakers, and try targeted quizzes. Focus on prepositions, verbs, and their required cases.

Why do Articles and Pronouns change Form?

German is an inflected language. Words adapt their endings to reflect their case-based role in the sentence.

Which Case is Used with Two-Way Prepositions?

It depends on whether you describe a location (dative) or a destination (accusative).

Any Tips for Remembering Dative versus Accusative?

Think of dative as “to whom” or “for whom” and accusative as “whom” or “what.” Also check if the verb implies locomotion (accusative) or location (dative).

Can I skip learning the Genitive because some Germans replace it with Dative?

Modern spoken German sometimes replaces genitive with dative, but formal and written contexts still expect correct genitive usage, that is why it makes sense to learn it.

Do Cases also have an Impact on Adjective Endings?

Yes, the German language has adjective declension, meaning adjective endings change based on case, number, and whether they follow an article, pronoun, or no article at all. You can read more about adjective endings: here.